Iraqi women and children with perceived ties to the Islamic State armed group are being denied humanitarian aid and prevented from returning to their homes, with an alarming number of women subjected to sexual violence, Amnesty International said in a new report.

The 53-page report, The Condemned: Women and Children Isolated, Trapped and Exploited in Iraq, reveals women are being sexually exploited by security forces, members of camp administrations and local authorities, who believe these women are connected to ISIS.

Amnesty established that sexual exploitation was occurring in each of the eight camps for internally displaced people (IDPs) that researchers visited.

The report was based on interviews with 92 women in eight IDP camps in Ninewa and Salah al-Din governorates. Researchers also interviewed 30 local and international NGO workers, 11 members of camp administrations and nine current and former UN officials. 

Lynn Maalouf, Middle East Research Director at Amnesty International, said:

“The war against ISIS in Iraq may be over, but the suffering of Iraqis is far from over. Iraqi women and children with perceived ties to ISIS are being punished for crimes they did not commit.

“Cast out of their communities, these families have nowhere and no-one to turn to. They are trapped in camps, ostracised and denied food, water and other essentials. This humiliating collective punishment risks laying the foundation for future violence.

“It is no way to build the just and sustainable peace that Iraqis so desperately desire and need.”

The report details the plight of thousands of female-headed families who have been left to fend for themselves in IDP camps after male family members were killed, or arbitrarily arrested and forcibly disappeared while fleeing ISIS-held areas in and around Mosul.

In many cases, the men’s only ‘crime’ was escaping an ISIS stronghold, having similar names to those on questionable ‘wanted lists’, or working in non-combat roles with IS as cooks or drivers.

Isolated and sexually exploited

Amnesty’s research shows that women and children in IDP camps across Iraq are being denied food and health care because of their perceived ties to ISIS.

These families are also being routinely blocked from obtaining identity cards and other documents needed to work and move freely. In at least one camp, families suspected of links to ISIS are forbidden to leave what has become a de facto detention centre. 

Desperate and isolated, the women are at heightened risk of sexual exploitation by security forces, armed guards and members of militias working in and near the camps. In each of the eight camps Amnesty visited, women were being coerced into entering sexual relationships in exchange for desperately-needed cash, humanitarian aid and protection from other men.

These women are also at risk of rape. Four women told Amnesty they had either witnessed rape directly or heard the screams of a woman in a nearby tent who was being raped by armed men, members of the camp administration, or other camp residents.

One 20-year-old woman, Dana*, told Amnesty she had survived several rape attempts and faced relentless pressure to have sex with a member of the security forces in her camp.

She said: “Because they consider me the same as an ISIS fighter, they will rape me and return me back. They want to show everyone what they can do to me - to take away my honour. I can’t feel comfortable in my tent. I just want a door to lock and walls around me. Each night, I say to myself, ‘Tonight is the night I’m going to die’.”

Many of the women that Amnesty interviewed in IDP camps expressed fear for their safety.

Lynn Maalouf said:

“Women are being subjected to dehumanising and discriminatory treatment by armed men operating in the camps for their alleged affiliation with ISIS. The very people who are supposed to be protecting them are turning into predators.

“The Iraqi government must show it is serious about ending the violations against these women by holding all perpetrators to account and stopping all armed men from entering IDP camps.”

Nowhere to turn

In several areas, local and tribal authorities have issued orders that block the return of women and children with perceived ties to ISIS, leaving them trapped in the IDP camps.

Those who’ve made it home have faced evictions, forced displacement, looting, threats and abuse, including sexual abuse and sexual harassment. In some instances, their houses have been marked ‘Daeshi’ (the Arabic term for ISIS) and destroyed, or they have had their electricity, water and other services cut off.

Another woman, Maha*, described to Amnesty the despair she felt at facing such discrimination.

She said: “Sometimes I ask myself: why didn’t I just die in an air strike? I attempted to commit suicide but I didn’t follow through. I put kerosene on myself, but before I lit it on fire, I thought of my son. I feel I am at my end. I am in a prison here. I am completely alone - without my husband, my father - no one is with me anymore.”

The situation for women is likely to get even worse as international funding for the humanitarian crisis in Iraq is projected to decrease sharply. In advance of Iraq’s parliamentary elections in May, displaced people are being urged to leave IDP camps as the government’s focus turns to closing and consolidating them.

Lynn Maalouf said:

“The Iraqi authorities must ensure that families in IDP camps with perceived ties to ISIS are given equal access to humanitarian aid, health care and civil documents. These families must be allowed to return home without fear of intimidation, arrest or attacks.

“The authorities must also immediately end the systematic and widespread practice of forcibly disappearing men and boys with perceived ties to ISIS that has left thousands of wives, mothers, daughters and sons in desperate situations.

“To put an end to the poisonous cycle of marginalisation and communal violence that has plagued Iraq for decades, the Iraqi government and international community must commit to upholding the rights of all Iraqis without discrimination. Without this, there can be no national reconciliation or lasting peace.”