The human rights organisation believes this court cannot provide justice for the crimes committed in Darfur because of the current climate of intimidation, and because an independent and impartial hearing cannot be guaranteed.

Kolawole Olaniyan, Director of Amnesty International's Africa Programme, said:

"We fear that the establishment of the special court may just be a tactic by the Sudanese government to avoid prosecution by the International Criminal Court.

"On the one hand the Sudanese government is claiming that it is able to punish the crimes it is accused of condoning for the last two years, while on the other hand it continues to crack down on those who expose or criticise such human rights violations."

On Sunday, the independent Khartoum Monitor newspaper was closed down, based on a two-year-old High Court ruling revoking its licence.

The ruling stemmed from an appeal by the Sudanese security forces. Enforcement of the ruling came as the Sudanese authorities threatened legal action against the daily over an editorial critical of killings by the police of war-displaced persons in a squatter camp near the capital city.

Similarly, at the end May, two staff members of the medical aid agency Medecins Sans Frontieres were charged with "publishing false information" and "crimes against the state" by the Sudanese authorities, two months after the organisation published a report exposing the plight of victims of rape in the war-torn Darfur region.

Kolawole Olaniyan said:

"What we have here is a court system that is willing to silence newspapers and aid workers who are attempting to speak the truth about human rights violations in Sudan. How can we trust that same system to bring to trial those accused of these violations?"

Amnesty International said that to ensure fair, impartial and independent trials over the grave crimes committed in Darfur, the Sudanese authorities should:

• abolish Articles 31 and 33 of the National Security Forces Act, which allow the security forces to keep people in prolonged incommunicado detention and give them immunity for acts of torture
  
  
• abolish the Specialised Criminal Courts in Darfur, which accept evidence obtained under torture, limit the right of appeal of those accused, and can hand down sentences of death, amputation or flogging
  
  
• abolish Article 10 of the Law of Evidence, which allows courts to use evidence obtained under duress
  
  
• provide guarantees for the safety and confidentiality of victims and witnesses of human rights violations in Darfur and the rest of Sudan
  
  
• ensure that everyone has equal access to justice and that legal fees in criminal cases are not a barrier to obtaining effective remedies

Background

The creation of a national court for crimes in Darfur comes a week after the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) announced the opening of its investigation into war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in the Darfur region in the past two years.

The Sudanese government has stated that no Sudanese suspect would be handed over to the ICC.