At least 88 people are believed to have died in detention in Syria during five months of bloody repression of the country’s pro-reform protests, a new Amnesty International report reveals today.

The report - Deadly detention: Deaths in custody amid popular protest in Syria (pdf) - documents reported deaths in custody between April and mid-August in the wake of sweeping arrests. The 88 deaths represent a very significant escalation in the number of deaths following arrest in Syria in recent years (up from a typical rate of five deaths in custody per year).

The report includes a table of all 88 cases examined, with an alphabetical list of those that have died, information on dates and places of arrest and detention, and in some cases analysis of possible cause of death by independent forensic pathologists who have examined video recordings.

All of the victims are believed to have been detained because they were involved, or suspected of being involved, in the pro-reform protests. All are male, and include 10 Children's rights. One well-known case is that of 13-year-old Hamza Ali al-Khateeb, who disappeared on 29 April during protests against the siege of Dera’a, and was later found dead with apparent blunt-force injuries and a severed penis.

In at least 52 of the 88 cases there is evidence that torture or other ill-treatment caused or contributed to the deaths. Amnesty is unaware of any independent investigation having been carried out into the cause of any of the 88 deaths.

Amnesty International Syria researcher Neil Sammonds said:

“These deaths behind bars are reaching massive proportions and appear to be an extension of the same brutal disdain for life that we are seeing daily on the streets of Syria.

“The accounts of torture we have received are horrific. We believe the Syrian government to be systematically persecuting its own people on a vast scale.

“In the context of the widespread and systematic violations taking place in Syria, we believe that these deaths in custody may include crimes against humanity.

“The response from the Security Council has been utterly inadequate so far, but it is not too late for them to take firm and legally binding action.”

Amnesty has seen video clips of 45 of the cases - taken by relatives, activists or other individuals - and has asked independent forensic pathologists to review a number of these. Injuries on many of the victims’ corpses indicate that they may have suffered horrendous beatings and other abuses. Signs indicating torture include burns, blunt-force injuries, whipping marks and slashes.

Most of the cases in the report occurred in Homs and Dera’a governorates, which have seen major protests. Deaths in detention have also been reported in five other governorates, namely Damascus and Rif Damashq, Idlib, Hama and Aleppo.

One video clip seen by Amnesty shows the body of Tariq Ziad Abd al-Qadr from Homs, which was returned to his family on 16 June. His injuries included pulled-out hair, marks to the neck and penis possibly caused by electric shocks, an apparent cigarette burn, whipping marks, stab wounds and burns.

In another case, the body of Dr Sakher Hallak, who ran an eating disorders clinic in Aleppo, was discovered by the side of a road a few days after his arrest on 25 May. Sources told Amnesty that his injuries included broken ribs, arms and fingers, gouged eyes and mutilated genitals.

Amnesty has also compiled the names of more than 1,800 people reported to have died since pro-reform protests began. Thousands of others have been arrested, with many held incommunicado at unknown locations at risk of torture or death.

Amnesty has called on the UN Security Council to refer the situation in Syria to the International Criminal Court, to impose an arms embargo on Syria and to implement an asset freeze against President Bashar al-Assad and his senior associates.

• Download the report (pdf)
• Stop the bloodshed in Syria /li>