Egypt: Unjustly Jailed Student Denied Prosthetic Leg

Oqba Hashad has been arbitrarily detained for five years and nine months without trial, solely due to his family affiliation, in particular the human rights activism of his brother Amr Hashad, a human rights activist who left Egypt in 2019. Prison authorities had interrogated Oqba Hashad on multiple occasions, most recently in October 2023, about his brother’s human rights work and contact with his family in Egypt. They also questioned Oqba Hashad on whether he had shared any information with his brother about his prison conditions. His brother Amr Hashad had been arrested in 2014 in connection with his activism with the student union at Assiut University. Subsequently, a court sentenced Amr Hashad to three years in prison after convicting him of charges of joining a terrorist organization, attempting to overthrow the government and inciting protests. From exile, Amr Hashad continued to document human rights violations in Egypt including enforced disappearances and cruel and inhuman detention conditions. Oqba Hashad’s mother was also detained and questioned for nine hours during a visit to Shebin Al-Kom prison, where Oqba Hashad was held at the time, in a relation to a Facebook post written by Amr Hashad in December 2020 about his brother being banned from accessing his prosthetic leg and the injustices suffered by their family. 

Since August 2022, in violation of the absolute violation of torture and other ill-treatment, prison authorities have been cruelly denying Oqba Hashad access to adequate healthcare and a prosthetic leg, causing him severe physical and psychological pain and suffering, including as he is forced to rely on other prisoners to meet his most basic needs. On 9 January 2024, Oqba Hashad was transferred to court without a wheelchair, hopping on one leg, and was forced to sit on the floor in front of the judge. The prison authorities are also refusing to grant him specialized medical care, not available in prison, raising fears about permanent and irreversible damage to his spinal column, according to independent doctors consulted by his relatives. 

On 7 August 2022, relatives of Oqba Hashad’s cellmate, who had visited the Wadi al-Natroun prison that day, called Oqba Hashad’s family to inform them that his prosthetic leg broke. His family rushed to the prison to collect the broken prosthetic leg, and took it for repairs at a specialised clinic, where a doctor and an engineer told them that a replacement was needed. The family did not have the financial means to replace it, and therefore sought to repair it instead. On 9 August 2022, when his relatives returned to the prison with the prosthetic leg, the prison authorities insisted on carrying out a thorough inspection, attempted to dismantle it and informed the family that they would submit it for further inspections. Oqba Hashad also suffers from severe back pain as he was his forced to sleep on the floor in his cell in Wadi El Natroun prison. In March 2024, after appearing in front of the SSSP for interrogation in a new Case No. 3391/2023 of the SSSP, Oqba Hashad was transferred to in the 10th of Ramadan prison (section 2), where he remains. During family visits, he told his family that the conditions in the 10th of Ramadan prison (section 2) were better than Wadi El Natroun without specifying details. Amnesty International has documented the cruel and inhumane conditions of detention inside the 10th of Ramadan prison (section 6). According to lawyers and relatives of detainees, all detainees are deprived of sunlight and only permitted daily exercise indoors. Moreover, following a hunger strike by detainees in January 2025 the authorities carried out reprisals including by transferring at least three detainees to prisons notorious for their harsh detention conditions, after confiscating their belongings.

In May 2019, National Security Agency (NSA) agents stormed Oqba Hashad’s student residence at the University of Sadat City (USC), in Menoufia governorate, and arrested everyone without a warrant. All other students were released within days, except for Oqba Hashad. Following his arbitrary arrest, security forces forcibly disappeared Oqba Hashad for 77 days and subjected him to torture and other ill-treatment, including suspension by his arms from the ceiling, and electric shocks on his genitals and stump of his leg. On 1 August 2019, a prosecutor ordered his pre-trial detention pending investigations into charges of “joining a group formed against the rule of law” and “participating in demonstrations to overthrow the regime”. Since then, his pretrial detention, which has long exceeded the two-year limit permitted under Egyptian law, has been extended. 

As a state party to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Egypt must fulfil its obligations to ensure that when persons with disabilities are deprived of their liberty, they are, on an equal basis with others, entitled to guarantees in accordance with international human rights law and are provided with reasonable accommodation and with health services specifically because of their disabilities.